
1.Standing hip abduction in neutral hip position(站立位髋关节在中立位外展)
研究文献:Bolgla LA, Uhl TL. Electromyographic analysis of hip rehabilitation exercises in a group of healthy subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Aug;35(8):487-94. doi:
10.2519/jospt.2005.35.8.487. PMID: 16187509.

受试者站立,双下肢相距10cm; 右下肢外展25°; 然后回到最初的姿势,只用左下肢站立,骨盆保持水平

NWB(不负重)臀中肌的MVIC(中级:33%MVIC)
WB(负重)臀中肌的MVIC(高级:42%MVIC)
2.Standing hip abduction in flexed hip position(站立位髋关节屈曲下外展)
研究文献:Bolgla LA, Uhl TL. Electromyographic analysis of hip rehabilitation exercises in a group of healthy subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005 Aug;35(8):487-94. doi:
10.2519/jospt.2005.35.8.487. PMID: 16187509.

受试者站立,双下肢相距10cm,髋、膝屈曲20°; 右下肢外展25°; 然后回到最初的姿势,只用左下肢站立,骨盆保持水平
NWB(不负重)臀中肌的MVIC(中级:28%MVIC)
WB(负重)臀中肌的MVIC(高级:46%MVIC)
3.Side lying hip abduction(侧卧位髋外展训练)
研究文献1:Selkowitz DM, Beneck GJ, Powers CM. Which exercises target the gluteal muscles while minimizing activation of the tensor fascia lata? Electromyographic assessment using fine-wire electrodes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Feb;43(2):54-64. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2013.4116. Epub 2012 Nov 16. PMID: 23160432.

NWB:臀中肌的MVIC(高级:44%MVIC),臀大肌的MVIC(中级:24%MVIC)
研究文献2:Boren K, Conrey C, Le Coguic J, Paprocki L, Voight M, Robinson TK. Electromyographic analysis of gluteus medius and gluteus maximus during rehabilitation exercises. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Sep;6(3):206-23. PMID: 22034614; PMCID: PMC3201064.

NWB:臀中肌的MVIC(最高级:63%MVIC),臀大肌的MVIC(中级:53%MVIC)
研究文献3:MacAskill MJ, Durant TJ, Wallace DA. Gluteal muscle activity during weightbearing and non-weightbearing exercise. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Dec;9(7):907-14. PMID: 25540706; PMCID: PMC4275195.

WB:臀中肌的MVIC(最高级:100%MVIC),臀大肌的MVIC(中级:38%MVIC)
4.Clamshell exercise(蚌式及其变式)
研究文献1:Boren K, Conrey C, Le Coguic J, Paprocki L, Voight M, Robinson TK. Electromyographic analysis of gluteus medius and gluteus maximus during rehabilitation exercises. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Sep;6(3):206-23. PMID: 22034614; PMCID: PMC3201064.


1:臀中肌的MVIC(高级:47%MVIC)2:臀中肌的MVIC(最高级:62%MVIC)
3:臀中肌的MVIC(最高级:67%MVIC)4:臀中肌的MVIC(最高级:77%MVIC)
研究文献2:Selkowitz DM, Beneck GJ, Powers CM. Which exercises target the gluteal muscles while minimizing activation of the tensor fascia lata? Electromyographic assessment using fine-wire electrodes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Feb;43(2):54-64. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2013.4116. Epub 2012 Nov 16. PMID: 23160432.

臀中肌的MVIC(中级:27%MVIC)
研究文献3:Distefano LJ, Blackburn JT, Marshall SW, Padua DA. Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Jul;39(7):532-40. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.2796. PMID: 19574661.

屈髋60°:臀中肌的MVIC(中级:27%MVIC)屈髋30°:臀中肌的MVIC(中级:38%MVIC)
总结:站立位的不负重的髋外展(无论是髋关节是否屈曲)训练臀中肌激活程度在中级,并没有想象中激活程度那么高,可以作为髋部早期功能位下训练选择。侧卧位髋外展的训练臀中肌激活程度在高级,其实并不适用于髋部术后早期和薄弱的人群。蚌式训练与髋关节屈曲角度相关,根据有限的研究,可能髋关节屈曲角度越大臀中肌激活程度会越低,在早期人群训练中适合增加屈曲角度来激活臀中肌,可以根据情况使用蚌式变式来增加臀中肌的激活程度。